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Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of Epstein-Barr virus-related diseases in adults.Methods:The clinical data of 59 patients with Epstein-Barr virus-related diseases in Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai from January 2017 to August 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical manifestations of patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM), chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (CAEBV) and lymphoma in patients were compared. Patients were divided into acute course group (IM) and chronic course group (CAEBV+ lymphoma), and the results of labratory indications (blood rontine, liver function, imflammatory indications, Epstein-Barr virus DNA, Epstein-Barr virus antibody and T lymphocyte) were compared between two groups. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test or Fisher exact probability test. Results:Among the 59 patients, 23 cases (39.0%) were diagnosed with IM, 23 cases (39.0%) were lymphoma and 13 cases (22.0%) were CAEBV. The clinical manifestations of patients with Epstein-Barr virus-related diseases were fever (57/59, 96.6%), lymphadenopathy (37/59, 62.7%) and splenomegaly (36/59, 61.0%). There were 17 patients in the chronic course group experienced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). The white blood cell counts, hemoglobin levels and platelet counts of patients in the chronic course group (4.07(1.94, 8.35)×10 9/L, 89.5(74.5, 108.0) g/L and 100(37, 161)×10 9/L, respectively) were all lower than those in the acute course group (9.91(6.75, 17.38)×10 9/L, 132.5(118.2, 152.0) g/L and 197(129, 233)×10 9/L, respectively), with statistically significant differences ( U=3.69, 5.22 and 3.61, respectively, all P<0.01). The levels of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and serum ferritin in the chronic course group (0.45(0.15, 1.13) μg/L, 47.75(17.57, 84.67) mg/L and 2 000(682, 2 002) μg/L, respectively) were all higher than those in the acute course group (0.12(0.07, 0.28) μg/L, 6.39(3.13, 11.38) mg/L and 482(159, 1 271) μg/L, respectively), with statistically significant differences ( U=-2.95, -3.77 and -4.16, respectively, all P<0.01). The counts of CD4 + T lymphocytes, CD8 + T lymphocytes, CD19 + B lymphocytes and natural killer cells in the chronic course group (259.15(101.98, 509.26), 214.69(119.31, 529.47), 46.14(4.44, 135.87) and 81.09(41.53, 118.46)/μL, respectively) were all lower than those in the acute course group (738.88(592.20, 893.94), 1 609.17(920.88, 3 952.34), 144.52(83.65, 215.14) and 309.82(123.78, 590.68)/μL, respectively), with statistically significant differences ( U=3.66, 3.80, 2.90 and 3.40, respectively, all P<0.01), while the CD4 + /CD8 + T lymphocytes ratio in the chronic course group was higher (0.90(0.60, 1.70) vs 0.45(0.10, 1.28))( U=-2.29, P=0.02). Twenty-three patients with IM were all cured, while 10 patients with lymphoma died and 13 received chemotherapy. Seven patients with CAEBV died and six improved. Conclusions:The clinical characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus-related diseases in adults are fever, lymphadenectasis, splenomegaly.Chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection may be associated with HLH. The prognosis of adults with acute Epstein-Barr virus infection is good, while that of long-term chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection is poor.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation in patients with liver failure.Methods:A total of 75 patients diagnosed with liver failure and tested for serum CMV DNA between January 2016 and June 2019 in Huashan Hospital, Fudan University were retrospectively analyzed. According to the CMV DNA test results, the patients were divided into CMV DNA positive group and CMV DNA negative group. The classification of liver failure, the use of glucocorticoids, the proportions of T lymphocyte subsets of the two groups were compared and the prognosis was evaluated. Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test were used to analyze the data. Results:Of the 75 patients with liver failure, 17 were CMV DNA positive and 58 were CMV DNA negative. Among the 17 CMV DNA positive patients, nine were acute (subacute) liver failure, and 13 were treated with glucocorticoids, which were all significantly higher than those in the CMV negative group (20.7%(12/58) and 20.7%(12/58), respectively). The differences were both statistically significant ( χ2=6.70 and 18.40, respectively, both P<0.05). The proportions of CD3 + T lymphocytes and CD8 + T lymphocytes in the CMV DNA positive group were both higher than those in the CMV DNA negative group, and the proportions of CD4 + T lymphocytes, the ratio of CD4 + /CD8 + T lymphocytes and the proportion of B lymphocytes were all lower than those in the CMV DNA negative group. The differences were all statistically significant ( U=274.50, 165.50, 273.00, 185.00 and 189.00, respectively, all P<0.05). Acute (subacute) liver failure (odds ratio ( OR)=4.3, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.3-12.6) and glucocorticoid use ( OR=12.5, 95% CI 3.4-38.3) were risk factors for CMV reactivation in patients with liver failure. The disease improvement rate in the CMV DNA negative group was 56.9% (33/58), and five out of 17 patients improved in the CMV DNA positive group, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=1.99, P=0.04). Conclusions:The use of glucocorticoids increases the risk of CMV reactivation in patients with liver failure, and CMV reactivation in patients with liver failure presents immune disorders which seriously affect their prognosis. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to CMV DNA monitoring in patients with liver failure using glucocorticoids.
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Objective To investigate and analyze the expression of serum NO and Gal-9and its correlation with apoptosis in elderly patients with cervical cancer.Methods 76cases of elderly patients with cervical cancer in our hospital as the cervical cancer group, 50cases of cervical epithelial dysplasia of uterus in elderly (CIN) were taken as CIN group and 50healthy elderly people as healthy controls were detected by flow cytometry in three subjects tissue apoptosis index (AI) and the detection of serum NO and Gal-9levels in three groups of subjects, difference analysis and correlation of the indicators of the three groups of subjects, and analyze the relationship between the serum of patients with cervical cancer NO, Gal-9levels and pathological features.Results There was a significant difference in the tissue apoptosis index (AI) between the three groups (P<0.05) , and the AIindex in the cervical cancer group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group (P<0.05) , but it was significantly lower than that in the CIN group (P<0.05) .The serum NO and Gal-9levels of the three groups were statistically different (P<0.05) , and the levels of NO and Gal-9in the cervical cancer group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group and CIN group (P<0.05) .The serum levels of NO and Gal-9in patients with cervical cancer were positively correlated with the value of AI (r=0.813, 0.872, P<0.05) .The serum NO and Gal-9levels in patients with stageⅢandⅣof cervical cancer were significantly higher than those inⅠandⅡpatients (P<0.05) .The serum Gal-9level in patients with poorly differentiated tumors was significantly higher than that in patients with high or intermediate differentiation (P<0.05) .Conclusion Serum NO and Gal-9play an important role in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer in elderly patients, and play a certain role in the apoptosis of cervical cancer tissues.The specific mechanisms of their effects need further research and analysis.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia in migrants in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Methods A stratified multi-stage cluster equal size sampling was performed among the migrants aged ≥ 18 years who were engaged in manufacturing,wholesale retail,accommodation and catering service,social service,construction and other and 1501 migrants from five area in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was investigated by means of questionnaires survey,physical measurements and laboratory detection.Results Complete data was obtained in 1 496 study subjects.The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 42.65％ (638/1496),the age-standardized prevalence was 42.05％;the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia,hypertriglyceridemia,combined hyperlipidemia and low high-density lipoprotein hyperlipidemia were 4.90％ (73/1491),14.76％ (220/1491),4.83％(72/1 496),25.27％ (378/1 496),respectively.Dyslipidemia characterized by high triglyceride (HTG)and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LHDL-C) accounted for 81.97％ (523/638).The prevalence of dyslipidemia and HTG/LHDL-C dyslipidemia were similar,which increased significantly with age in both females and males,but was significantly higher in males.The prevalence among migrants with other occupations was highest.The prevalence of HTG/LHDL-C dyslipidemia didn't significantly increase with the duration of migration.However,the prevalence of high TG and dyslipidemia increased significantly with the duration of migration,the prevalence of high TG in age group ＜45 years showed the same characteristics.Conclusions The prevalence of dyslipidemia in migrants in Inner Mongolia was high,and the main form was HTG/LHDL-C dyslipidemia.The prevalence in males,the middle aged and aged as well as those with other occupations were high.Migrants with longer duration of migration had higher prevalence of dyslipidemia.
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Objective:To analyze associations of sedentary behavior and physical activity with dyslipidemia among residents in Wuhai city.Methods: Data about social demographic characteristics, life style, health status and other covariate required for analysis in this study was obtained from a cross-sectional study on a total of 11 497 18-79 years old residents in Wuhai City by questionnaire, body mea-surement and laboratory examination.In this study, sedentary behavior and physical activity were evaluated using international physical activity questionnaire long version (IPAQ).IPAQ is widely used all over the world, and its reliability and validity have been tested in Chinese population.2016 Chinese Guideline for the Management of Dyslipidemia in Adults was used to define dyslipidemia in this study.Results: According to IPAQ scoring protocol, 124 participants were excluded as a result of reporting more than 960 min of physical activity per day.50.58% of 11 373 participants included in the analysis reported more than 4 hours of sedentary behavior per day in this study, thus 49.42% participants reported no more than 4 hours of sedentary behavior per day;the proportions of these 11 373 participants who reached Low level physical activity, Moderate level physical activity and high level physical activity were 23.43%, 37.29% and 39.28% respectively;and the detection ratios of new cases and prevalent cases of dyslipidemia in Wuhai City were 20.46% and 16.13% respectively.After controlling for confounders in this study, we found out that sedentary behavior increased the risk of new cases of dyslipidemia in women (OR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.00-1.36), and increased the risk of prevalent cases of dyslipidemia in both men (OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.02-1.44) and women (OR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.04-1.48);as for association of physical activity with dyslipidemia, association was found between high level physical activity and prevalent cases of dyslipidemia in men in this study (OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.62-0.98), suggested that high level physical activity may help to reduce the risk of prevalent cases of dyslipidemia in men.Conclusion: Our results from this cross-sectional study in Wuhai City suggested that sedentary behavior increased the risk of dyslipidemia;by contrast, physical activity may help to reduce the risk of dyslipidemia.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia in migrants in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Methods A stratified multi-stage cluster equal size sampling was performed among the migrants aged ≥ 18 years who were engaged in manufacturing,wholesale retail,accommodation and catering service,social service,construction and other and 1501 migrants from five area in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was investigated by means of questionnaires survey,physical measurements and laboratory detection.Results Complete data was obtained in 1 496 study subjects.The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 42.65％ (638/1496),the age-standardized prevalence was 42.05％;the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia,hypertriglyceridemia,combined hyperlipidemia and low high-density lipoprotein hyperlipidemia were 4.90％ (73/1491),14.76％ (220/1491),4.83％(72/1 496),25.27％ (378/1 496),respectively.Dyslipidemia characterized by high triglyceride (HTG)and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LHDL-C) accounted for 81.97％ (523/638).The prevalence of dyslipidemia and HTG/LHDL-C dyslipidemia were similar,which increased significantly with age in both females and males,but was significantly higher in males.The prevalence among migrants with other occupations was highest.The prevalence of HTG/LHDL-C dyslipidemia didn't significantly increase with the duration of migration.However,the prevalence of high TG and dyslipidemia increased significantly with the duration of migration,the prevalence of high TG in age group ＜45 years showed the same characteristics.Conclusions The prevalence of dyslipidemia in migrants in Inner Mongolia was high,and the main form was HTG/LHDL-C dyslipidemia.The prevalence in males,the middle aged and aged as well as those with other occupations were high.Migrants with longer duration of migration had higher prevalence of dyslipidemia.
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Objective To investigate the effect of early screening and intervention on congenital hypothyroid-ism.Methods Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),three thyroid stimulating hormone (T3 )and thyroid hormone (T4 )were screened in 72h after birth,and thyroid ultrasound examination.All the patients were treated with the treat-ment of the left -to -thyroid hormone,0 -6 months medication dose 25 -50g/d,6 -12months medication dose 50 -100g/d,1 -3months medication dose 75 -100g/d.Serum TSH was reviewed every three months in the age of 1 years, 2 -3 years old every six months to review the serum TSH.Results The mean value of TSH in children with congeni-tal hypothyroidism was (68.7 ±15.3)mU /L.The mean value of T4 was (42.4 ±13.1)nmol/L.100 cases of chil-dren,including 38 cases of primary congenital hypothyroidism,transient congenital hypothyroidism in 62 cases.Ultra-sound examination showed primary congenital hypothyroidism were developmental abnormalities,and abnormal absence of a total of 18 cases (47.4%),Abnormal blood flow in 15 cases (39.5%);No abnormalities were found in the ultrasound examination of the transient congenital hypothyroidism.Before treatment,TSH in children with congenital hypothyroidism was significantly higher than that in the control group[(68.7 ±15.3)mU /L vs (4.6 ±1.1)mU /L], T4 was significantly lower than the control group[(42.4 ±13.1)nmol/L vs (124.4 ±45.5)nmol/L],the differences were statistically significant (t =22.867,16.058,all P 0.05).After 1 -3 years follow -up observation,children with Gesell development scale test showed that children with adaptability,large movements,fine movements,language and social skills to reach the normal level.Conclusion Early screening and treatment of the patients with congenital hypothyroidism is beneficial to the rehabilitation of the patients with congenital hypothyroidism.
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Epidemiology is a discipline characterized by complicated theory and practice.How to make the practice course function better is a topic worthy of exploring in educational reform for clinical students.The article explored the‘Student-Dominated’ Model based on ‘Problem-Based Learning ’ and ‘Team Based Learning ’ in teaching process and compared the model with the traditional one ( Teacher-Dominated Model) .Suggestions were given to further improve effectiveness of epidemiology practice courses.
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Objective To investigate the correlation of trace elements in maternal blood,breast milk and infant blood.Methods Atomic absorption spectrographic method was used to measure blood and milk trace elements [calcium (Ca),ferrum (Fe),zinc (Zn),magnesium (Mg),copper(Cu)] of maternal of natural delivery and infant in 250 cases,then to analyze the correlation of trace elements in maternal blood,breast milk and infant blood in postpartum 42 days.Results There were statistically significant differences in trace elements between the maternal blood,breast milk and infant blood (P ＜ 0.05).There was a positive correlation of Ca,and Fe between maternal blood and infant blood [Ca (r =0.221,P =0.047),Fe (r =0.107,P =0.043)];Fe had a positive correlation between breast milk and infant blood (r =0.139 P =0.035);There was a positive correlation of the trace elements between maternal blood and milk,but no correlation in Mg.Conclusions There was the gradient of trace elements in maternal blood and breast milk in postpartum 42 days.It can keep breast milk in a certain percentage of trace element and contribute to absorption of trace elements and growth and development in infant.The regular determination of trace elements during pregnancy and postpartum in women and their infant can direct a balanced diet and advocate breastfeeding.It can also prevent the lack of calcium,iron,zinc and other trace elements in infant.
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Objective To analyze the incidence of low birth weight among single live birth neonates and identify the influencing factors in Shaanxi province.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among the childbearing aged women selected through multi stage stratified random sampling in Shaanxi during 2010-2013, all of these childbearing aged women were in pregnancy or had definite pregnancy outcomes.Results A total of 28 164 childbearing aged women and their infants were investigated.The overall incidence of low birth weight among the single live birth neonates surveyed was 3.4％ during 2010-2013 (4.1％ in 2010, 4.4％ in 2011,3.1％ in 2012, 2.6％ in 2013, respectively).The incidence of the low birth weight was 3.8％ in southern Shaanxi, 3.4％ in northem Shaanxi and 3.2％ in central area of Shaanxi.The incidence of the low birth weight was 2.5％ in urban area and 3.6％ in rural area.Compared with the low birth weight incidence of 2.6％ in full-term infant, the low birth weight incidence was 32.0％ in preterm infants.The results of logistic regression analysis suggested that being female infant (OR=1.57, 95％ CI: 1.36-1.81) , preterm delivery (OR =18.28, 95％ CI: 15.23-21.96), lower educational level of mothers (OR =1.27, 95％ CI:1.06-1.52), antenatal care times ＜4 (compared with 4-7,OR=1.36, 95％CI: 1.14-1.63) ,antenatal care times ≥8 (compared with 4-7, OR=1.84, 95％ Ch 1.48-2.29), gestational hypertension (OR=3.07, 95％ CI: 2.12-4.43) , being multipara (OR=1.21,95％ CI: 1.03-1.41) , taking no folic acid during pregnancy (OR=1.30, 95％ CI: 1.12-1.52) were risk factors for the low birth weight of neonate.Conclusion The incidence of low birth weight among single live birth neonates was in decline in Shaanxi.The incidence of the low birth weight was higher in rural area than in urban area.The incidence of the low birth weight was lower than national level.Being female neonate, preterm delivery, lower education level of mothers, irregular antenatal care, gestational hypertension, being multipara, taking no folic acid during pregnancy were the risk factors for low birth weight of neonates.
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Objective To dynamically analyze the antibodies with regard to in vitro serum bacteri-cidal activity and the quantity of IgG in healthy adults received one dose of immunization with ACYW 135 me-ningococcal polysaccharide vaccine .To investigate the term of protection with polysaccharide vaccine and the correlation between bactericidal titer and IgG concentration .Methods Twenty healthy adults were given one dose of immunization with quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine .Serum samples were col-lected before and after vaccination at specific time points .Test for serum bactericidal activity ( SBA ) and quantitative ELISA were performed to detect bactericidal titers and IgG concentrations in serum samples .Re-sults Certain levels of antibodies against capsular polysaccharides of serogroup A , C, Y and W135 strains had already existed prior to immunization .Moreover, bactericidal titers against serogroup A , Y and W135 strains except serogroup C strain were relatively high .Specific IgG concentrations and bactericidal titers for all serogroup stains were significantly increased on day 15 after vaccination (P0.05).However, a close correla-tion was demonstrated between GMTs and GMCs of serum samples (r>0.7, P<0.05).Conclusion The geometric mean titers ( GMTs) and geometric mean concentrations ( GMCs) of serum samples collected be-fore and after vaccination at different time points were reliable and consistent parameters for the evaluation of vaccine .The term of protection of quadivalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine was about 3 years upon a single dose of immunization .
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Objective To monitor and analyze the antigenicity of Streptococcus pneumonia polysac-charide, its derivatives and conjugates by three immunological assays .Methods Inhibition ELISA and rate nephelometry(RN) were established for this study.Antigenicity of serotype 23F pneumococcal conjugates and their intermediates were analyzed by double immunodiffusion assay , inhibition ELISA and RN .The re-sults derived from three assays were comparatively analyzed to evaluate the changes of antigenicity during the preparing process of serotype 23F conjugate.Results Double immunodiffusion assay, inhibition ELISA and RN were all applicable to antigenicity analysis during the process of conjugate preparation .Inhibition ELISA could quantitatively detect a slight difference of polysaccharide antigenicity during the preparing process . Conclusion The antigenicity of polysaccharide during the preparing process of pneumococcal conjugates could be analytically monitored by using three immunological assays .This study provided evidence for suc-cessfully using immunological assays as the quality control means during the preparing process of pneumococ -cal conjugates .
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Objective To investigate the prevalence rates of diabetes and pre-diabetes among migrating population in Inner Mongolia.Methods Using stratified cluster sampling on different industries.Each industry would have the same sample size.Questionnaire survey was performed together with anthropometric data gathered and laboratory tests completed.Results The prevalence rates of diabetes and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) among the migrating population in Inner Mongolia were 12.5％ and 12.8％ with the age-standardized rate as 9.9％ and 9.9％.The prevalence of diabetes increased significantly along with the increase of age among both males and females (x2=11.162,P=0.001),but was significantly higher in males.The prevalence of IGR in females was significantly higher than in males.The prevalence of diabetes among the construction industry workers was 19.2％,which was the highest among all the industries.The prevalence of diabetes was higher in the inter-province pre-migrating group,while the prevalence of IGR was increasing along with the duration of migration in the intra-province migration group with the trend as x2=9.989,P=0.002.Conclusion The prevalence of diabetes among the migrating population in Inner Mongolia seemed to be high,close to the level of urban residents.The prevalence rates of diabetes in the population of middle-aged and aged population as well as workers at the construction industry were higher than that in the other populations.The prevalence of diabetes and IGR among the migration population were related to the area where the migration population the in-coming areas Inter-provincial migration had a higher contribution to the prevalence of diabetes.
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Objective Using principal components analysis and weighted TOPSIS method to make objective and accurate evaluation of hospital operation management quality.This aims at proving whether such methods are scientific and feasible for comprehensive evaluation for the quality of hospital operation management and providing the basis for hospital decision making.Methods 15 typical Hospital Performance Indicators were chosen from a cancer hospital during 2008-2012,which were subject to TOPSIS method and principal components analysis,weighted TOPSIS method for comprehensive evaluation.Results The results with principal components analysis and weighted TOPSIS method conform to the actual hospital conditions and prove the rising quality of operation management of the hospital.That is,the closer the date,the higher the ranking.Conclusion Principal components analysis and weighted TOPSIS method are proven flexible,practical,scientific and reliable and suitable for popularization and application in the quality evaluation of hospital operation management.
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Objective To evaluate the use and effectiveness of Human-Computer Interaction (HC1) -based risk prediction of diabetes among Chinese adults.MethodsHCI-based risk prediction of diabetes was performed in 639 non-diabetics aged 23 to 61years old.Risk prediction results,main risk factors of diabetes and helpful suggestions were reported and used for self-management.After l-year follow-up,the participants received another assessment to find the changes of disease risk and risk factors.Non-parametric or Chi-square test was used for comparison of continuous or categorical variables,respectively.Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of HCI.Results After1-year follow-up,the incidence of diabetes per year was1.4％,and all newly diagnosed diabetes was found in high-risk individuals.The proportion of high-risk individuals was 56.8％ and 57.9％before and after follow-up ( x2 =0.36,P ＞ 0.05 ).In comparison with baseline,average risk score of high-risk individuals was significantly declined ( 2.25 vs 2.91,Z =- 4.32,P ＜ 0.05 ).Oversized waist circumstance,higher total cholesterol (TC) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was identified in 76.2％,36.2％ and 3.8％ of high risk individuals at1year,lower than those of baseline ( 87.3％,42.2％ and12.4％,respectively ; x2 values were 30.56,6.05 and 22.26,respectively; all P ＜0.05) ; although the prevalence of hypertension was higher (23.5％ vs18.1％,x2 =11.11,P＜0.05).Conclusions HCI and effective control of risk factors could prevent the development of diabetes in high risk individuals.
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Objective To explore the correlation between hyperuricaemia and blood pressure, and blood lipid and glucose. Methods By using simple cluster sampling, 2 branch units from PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company were selected, and all the 720 subjects with hyperuricaemia (HUA) were assigned to the HUA group; another 620 participants with normal uric acid (UA) level into the normal group. The correlation between blood uric acid and blood pressure,and blood lipid and glucose was assessed by Logistic regression. Results The odds ratio (OR) of those who had 1,2 or 3 abnormal status of hypertension,hyperlipidemia and impaired fasting glucose in the HUA group were much higher than the normal group (OR values were 4. 036,2. 562, and 4. 174, respectively). Logistic regression showed that male, systolic blood pressure ( SBP), GLU, total cholesterol ( TC), triglyceride ( TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were risk factors of H UA ( OR values were 7. 736,2. 309,1.721,2. 761 and 1. 411,respectively) ,while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, OR = 0. 211 ) was a protective factor of HUA. Conclusions Gender,blood pressure and blood lipid may have correlation with blood UA. Multiple risk factors should be considered to improve the effectiveness of health education and health promotion.
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Objective To compare the diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome(MS) developed by the International Diabetes Federation(IDF) in 2005,the 3th Report of National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ(NCEP-ATP Ⅲ) in 2005,and the Chinese Diabetes Society(CDS) in 2004.Methors A total of 1039 adults aged 23 to 62 year-old were enrolled in this epidemiological investigation to assess the prevalence of MS by above three definitions.Results The MS prevalence rate was 14.8%,14.2% and 10.7% in ATPⅢ,IDF,and CDS,respectively.The diagnoses agreement of IDF with ATPⅢ was stronger(Kappa=0.912) than IDF with CDS(Kappa=0.466) and ATPⅢ with CDS (Kappa=0.504).CDS definition found 5.7% of non-MS individuals had risk factor accumulation.Those defined by ATPⅢ and IDF criteria were presented with central obesity + ypertriglyceridemia + abnormal blood pressure and central obesity + hypertriglyceridemia + low hish-density lipoprotein hyperlipidemia.However,those defined by CDS criterion were commonly presented with obesity + hypertriglyceridemia + abnormal blood pressure or obesity + hypertriglyceridemia + hyperglycemia.Conclusions The agreement of IDF and ATPⅢ definition was relatively stronger.For better screening sensitivity,those three criteria,or CDS and IDF criteria,or CDS and ATPⅢ criteria should be used together.
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Objective To analyze risk factors for metabolic syndrome in Mongolia versus Han nationalities in Xilinhaote city. Methods Using the epidemiology investigation data of health examination,we calculated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome of Mongolia and Han nationalities, then used logistic regression model to explore risk factors of two nationalities. Results The crude prevalence of MS in Mongolia and Han nationality was 34.3%and 24.6% respectively. The multivariate logistic regression showed that male, the meat-rich diets and aging(OR:2.18, 1.92, 1.04 respectively)were the risk factors for Mongolia nationality, and smoking, family history of hypertension, drinking, the meat-rich diets, aging(OR:1.89, 1.84, 1.72, 1.61 and 1.04 respectively)were the risk factors for Han nationality. Conclusions Xinlinhaote population has higher MS prevalence, and different nationalities have different risk factors. We should take preventive actions to control it.
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Objective To evaluate 10-year risk of ischemic cardiovascular diseases (ICVD) in middle-aged adults in Henan province to provide evidence for improved health status. Methods The 10- year risk of ICVD in 12 064 middle-aged adults was evaluated by using simplified risk estimation model. Results About 96. 35% of male and 98. 29% of female had a probability of < 10% to develop ICVD over 10 years; 3.65% of male and 1.71% of female had a probability of ≥ 10% to develop ICVD over 10 years; and 0.68% of male and 0.23% of female had a probability of≥20% to develop ICVD over 10 years. The prevalence of risk factors for ICVD in two absolute risk groups ( ≥10% vs < 10% ) was significantly different. Conclusions The risk of ICVD in the middle-aged residents of Henan province may be similar to that in the middle-aged Chinese adults. The risk assessment for ICVD could be used for high- risk populations.
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Gene vector is defined as a tool which can carry and transfer gene or other nucleic acid material into cells. Its chemical nature can be protein or polypeptide, nucleic acid, lipide, carbohydrate, and other polar molecule or its compound. As an.important part of gene therapy, gene delivery system is also the bottleneck of gene therapy. There are two existent gene vectors defined as viral vectosr and non-viral vectors. Generally, high transfection efficiency can be achieved by the application of viral vectors. But the application of viral vectors has been restricted by its immunogenicity and mutngenic potential as side effects. As a novel gene delivery system, non-viral vectors have the advantages of low toxicity, low immunogenicity, and relative targeting effect. This article provides a review on the latest research progress about various kinds of vectors.